Is Creation Of Adam(AS) Incompatible With Evolution?

Is Creation of Adam(As) Incompatible With Evolution:

In his article the author of wikiislam.net says that Quran says that Allah created Adam and all other organisms which is incompatible with evolution.

REPLY:

Our Position At Evolution:

First let it be clear that our faith is based on the "belief in the Creator”. If evolution means
that Allah created different things in stages, there is not much conflict with religion. If, on the
other hand, evolution means that there is no creator and that the things came into being just
by progress of matter, then it is naked "Kufr" (atheism) and our faith cannot tolerate it even for an instant.

Reply second:

The first thing is that believing in God does not require you to believe in special creation.We have also these two names of Allah.Al Khaliq (The Creater) and Al Bari(The Evolutioner).Muslims believe in both the properties of Allah.An other example of creation of universe is Holy Quran Chapter #1 verse #1:

"All praises to Allah,the Rabb(one who brings up gradually) of all the worlds."

Similarly an other example of pattern of creation is Holy Quran Chapter #7 verse #54:

"Indeed,your lord is Allah,Who created the heavens and the earth in SIX EPOCHS."

Another example for pattern of creation is Holy Quran Chapter # 71 verse #14:

"Indeed He created you in stages."

Surely and indeed Allah can create everything in a millionth fraction of millionth of second and even faster but the reason to create universe in epochs is to create his Hujjat as described by Hazrat Ali AS in Al Ehtijaj vol 1 page 379:

"If Allah wanted to create he can also do in a micro second but the reason of  its creation slowly and in eras is to make example for its responsible (people) and to complete his HUJJAH"

Similarly the creation of a baby in 9 months is also an example of pattern of creation of universe.In above examples we see that Universe is created slowly and gradually .Similarly it is possible that human can be created gradually by evolution.So if a Muslim believes in evolution it is not against theism.Similarly theory of special creation is also not inconsistent with theism.

The verse that Allah created Adam(AS) is not inconsistent because same type of description is given about creation of universe.Holy Quran Chapter #7 verse #54

"Indeed,your lord is Allah,Who CREATED the heavens and the earth in SIX EPOCHS."

The same word creation is used here.Thus the word creation does not always mean special creation.Another example is Holy Quran Chapter #39 verse #6:

"He creates you in the wombs of your mothers."

We know that a baby is not a special creation or it is not formed spontaneously rather a baby forms in stages but the word CREATES is used here.So this word does not always means special creation.The creation of baby in stages is described in several verses in Holy Quran.

Quran And Evolution:

In this section I will quote some verses from Holy Quran that support evolution of man.Allah says in Holy Quran Chapter #71 verse #14:

 "And indeed, He created you in stages."

It means that Hazrat Adam (AS) and all humans are created in stages.Similarly we read in 

Holy Quran Chapter #32 verse 7-9:

"Who perfected everything which He created and BEGAN THE CREATION OF MAN FROM CLAY. Then He made his posterity out of the extract of a liquid disdained. Then He proportioned him and breathed into him from His [created] soul and made for you hearing and vision and hearts; little are you grateful."

This is the same that science says that the creation of human started from the mixing of clay and slime in water.Then after evolution of millions of years of evolution the human in following shape are created.So,the Quran says that creation of man STARTED from clay.And Holy Quran says in Chapter #7 verse #11

"We have certainly CREATED YOU , [O Mankind], and (then) GIVEN YOU FORM. "

Then Allah(SWT) says in Chapter #82 verse # 6-8:

" O mankind,what has deceived you in concerning your Lord,the Gracious.WHO CREATED YOU,PROPORTIONED YOU,AND BALANCED YOU.IN WHATEVER FORM He willed He assembled you."

This verse also shows that humans are created in stages.Interpreting this verse with Chapter #71 verse # 14 we find that first the man was created with mud and then in milions of year it was proportioned and balanced and in whatever form Allah willed it is now assembled which is same as evolution.A hadith of the same meaning is in Tareekh e Farishta Vol 1 page no. 23:

"Some one questioned Hazrat Ali (AS) that what was 3000 before Adam(AS) in world.  Hazrat Ali (AS) said:Adam.He asked three times and Hazrat Ali(AS) gave the same answer."

It may mean that Hazrat Adam (AS) was present but in evolutionary stage.Another verse of Holy Quran also supports it. Surah Hashr Chapter #59 verse #24

"He is the Allah,The Creator,The Evolutioner,The Fashioner,to Him belongs all the Good Names."

The sequence of this verse is very important.Pondering at the sequence we get that First Allah created humans,then evolutioned and then fashioned.This thing also supports evolution.

Humans are living so another verse in the support of evolution is Holy Quran Chapter #21 verse no. 30:

"We created every living thing from water."

The word used in this verse is ja'ala which also means to come.In other words life came from water.Humans also came from water.Similarly Holy Quran Chapter #29 verse 19-20:

"Have they not considered how Allah begins creation and then repeats it? Indeed that, for Allah , is easy. Say, "Travel through the land and observe how He began creation. Then Allah will produce the final creation. Indeed Allah , over all things, is competent."

Similarly Allah says in Holy Quran Chapter #24 verse 45:

"Allah has created every [living] creature from water. And of them are those that move on their bellies, and of them are those that walk on two legs, and of them are those that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent."

This verse shows relation between different animals and places humans(who walk on two feet) and also says that their common region is in water.Similarly Allah says in Holy Quran 71:17:

"And Allah has caused you to grow from the earth a[progressive] growth."

In short,believing in evolution or in special creation does not matter with theism.And there are verses in Holy Quran that support evolution.

Answer to the question on Y-Chromosomal Adam and Mitochondrial eve:

The fact that we may have descended from a singular being is not at all far fetched in evolutionary science. Genetic study has been able to trace our ancestry back to ONE singular individual. They call it the Mitochondrial eve and the Y-Chromosome Adam. These are NOT the Adam and Eve. This is just an example of how we can trace our ancestry back to singular people. If the mitochondrial eve and the Y-Chromosome Adam had a singular common ancestor (which they must logically have), THEN the parents of that ancestor would be THE Quranic Adam and Eve. The pair in which we have ALL descended from. Adam is not the first human as there is no indication of that in the Quran, secondly, Adam is not more than a singular person in which we all descended from. That doesn't mean that our whole genome came from him. It just means that we descended from him. Even if we have some neanderthal ancestry put in our genome after Adam ,for example, we still have descended from this singular person (in other words, it doesn't matter if there were additions to our genome, we still descended from that one singular person).

View of Muslim Scientists on Evolution:

Al-Jahiz (781-869 CE), a Muslim scholar based in present day Iraq, states in 'The Book of Animals':

Animals engage in a struggle for existence; for resources, to avoid being eaten and to breed. Environmental factors influence organisms to develop new characteristics to ensure survival, thus transforming into new species. Animals that survive to breed can pass on their successful characteristics to offspring.

 Ibn Khaldun, perhaps one of the most famous Muslim Polymaths of all time, published a book called 'The Muqadimmah' in 1377 CE. In it he states:

One should then take a look at the world of creation. It started out from the minerals and progressed, in an ingenious, gradual manner, to plants and animals. The last stage of minerals is connected with the first stage of plants, such as herbs and seedless plants. The last stage of plants, such as palms and vines, is connected with the first stage of animals, such as snails and shellfish.

He adds:

The animal world then widens, its species become numerous, and, in a gradual process of creation, it finally leads to man, who is able to think and reflect. The higher stage of man is reached from the world of monkeys, in which both sagacity and perception are found...

There were also many other Muslim scholars, writing between the 9th and the 14th century, that expressed ideas similar to those of al-Jahiz and Ibn Khaldun. Persian scholar, Ibn Miskawahy (932-1030) provided perhaps the most vivid account of evolution from that period, seeking to harmonise it with the Quranic description of creation in the process.

So why didn't these ideas take off and integrate into the fabric of mainstream Muslim thought and society? There are a number of reasons.

(if anyone has any question,argument or description regarding this or any of the article on this blog then please comment or mail at imtiazbashir7@gmail.com)

Answer To The Article " Ramazan Earth Pole paradox"

Answer To The Article " Ramzan Earth Pole paradox"

There has been an arisen question that how do the people living at places where days and nights are longer than ours some times even 6 months pray? How is Islam complete if its prayer (namaz) is impossible to pray at some places?Has Islam provided answer to this problem?

ANSWER

Yes.Islam provides answer to this question too.

We read in Sunan Ibn e Majah Book 36 'Book Of Tribulations' Hadith no. 4075

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned Dajjal, one morning, as something despised but also alarming, until we thought that he was in the stand of date-palm trees. When we came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the evening, he saw that (fear) in us, and said: 'What is the matter with you?' We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you mentioned Dajjal this morning, and you spoke of him as something despised but also alarming, until we thought that he was in the stand of date-palm trees.' He said: 'There are things that I fear more for you than the Dajjal. If he appears while I am among you, I will contend with him on your behalf, and if he appears when I am not among you, then each man must fend for himself, and Allah will take care of every Muslim on my behalf. He (Dajjal) will be a young man with curly hair and a protuberant eye; I liken him to 'Abdul-'Uzza bin Qatan. Whoever among you sees him, let him recite the first Verses of Surat Al-Kahf over him. He will emerge from Khallah, between Sham and Iraq, and will wreak havoc right and left. O slaves of Allah, remain steadfast.' We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how long will he stay on earth?' He said: 'Forty days, one day like a year, one day like a month, one day like a week, and the rest of his days like your days.' We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, on that day which is like a year, will the prayers of one day suffice us?' He said: 'Make an estimate of time (and then observe prayer).' We said: 'How fast will he move through the earth?' He said: 'Like a rain cloud driving by the wind.' He said: 'He will come to some people and call them, and they will respond and believe in him. Then he will command the sky to rain and it will rain, and he will command the earth to produce vegetation and it will do so, and their flocks will come back in the evening with their humps taller, their udders fuller and their flanks fatter than they have ever been. Then he will come to some (other) people and call them, and they will reject him, so he will turn away from them and they will suffer drought and be left with nothing. Then he will pass through the wasteland and will say: "Bring forth your treasures," then go away, and its treasures will follow him like a swarm of bees. Then he will call a man brimming with youth and will strike him with a sword and cut him in two. He will put the two pieces as far apart as the distance between an archer and his target. Then he will call him and he will come with his face shining, laughing. While they are like that, Allah will send 'Eisa bin Maryam, who will come down at the white minaret in the east of Damascus, wearing two Mahrud[garment dyed with Wars and then Saffron], resting his hands on the wings of two angels. When he lowers his head, beads of perspiration will fall from it. Every disbeliever who smells the fragrance of his breath will die, and his breath will reach as far as his eye can see. Then he will set out and catch up with him (the Dajjal) at the gate of Ludd, and will kill him. Then the Prophet of Allah 'Eisa will come to some people whom Allah has protected, and he will wipe their faces and tell them of their status in Paradise. While they are like that, Allah will reveal to him: "O 'Eisa, I have brought forth some of My slaves whom no one will be able to kill, so take My slaves to Tur in safety." Then Gog and Magog will emerge and they will, as Allah describes, "swoop down from every mound."[21:96] The first of them will pass by lake Tiberias and drink from it, then the last of them will pass by it and will say: "There was water here once." The Prophet of Allah, 'Eisa and his companions will be besieged there until the head of an ox would be dearer to any one of them than one hundred Dinar are to any one of you today. Then, the Prophet of Allah, 'Eisa and his companions will supplicate Allah. Then Allah will send a worm in their necks and the next morning they will all die as one. The Prophet of Allah 'Eisa and his companions will come down and they will not find even the space of a hand span that is free of their stink, stench and blood. They will pray to Allah, and He will send birds with necks like the necks of Bactrian camels, which will pick them up and throw them wherever Allah wills. Then Allah will send rain which will not leave any house of clay or hair, and it will wash the earth until it leaves it like a mirror (or a smooth rock). Then it will be said to the earth: "Bring forth your fruits and bring back your blessing." On that day a group of people will eat from a (single) pomegranate and it will suffice them, and they will seek shelter beneath its skin. Allah will bless a milch- camel so that it will be sufficient for a large number of people, and a milch-cow will be sufficient for a whole tribe and a milch-ewe will be sufficient for a whole clan. While they are like that, Allah will send a pleasant wind which will seize them beneath their armpits and will take the soul of every Muslim, leaving the rest of the people fornicating like donkeys, and upon them will come the Hour.'"

This a very long Hadith. The main part which is in our concern now, we have Highlighted.We Quote it here again:

' We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how long will he stay on earth?' He said: 'Forty days, one day like a year, one day like a month, one day like a week, and the rest of his days like your days.' We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, on that day which is like a year, will the prayers of one day suffice us?' He said: 'Make an estimate of time (and then observe prayer).' 

The part of hadith describes that days can be longer even a year,a month and a week.The day equal to a year means 'a day of 6 months' and 'a night of six months' and vice verse.Holy Prophet SAW has also described how to pray then which is by estimating time. we conclude that people living at the places where days or nights are longer than ours should fast and pray by estimating time according to standard places.

(if anyone has any question,argument or description regarding this or any of the article on this blog then please comment or mail at imtiazbashir7@gmail.com) 

Reply To The Article "The Causes Of Shadow And Changing Length"

Reply To The Article "The Causes Of  Shadow And Changing Length"

The author of wikiislam.net says:

Shadows are produced when the sun's light is blocked by an obstacle. It is the Earth's rotation that causes these shadows to change size and lengthen. However, verse 25:45 seems to say that the reason that shadows lengthen rather than being stationary is because Allah has made the sun their guide. Yet if the Earth did not rotate (so shadows were stationary) and then the Earth was made to rotate (so that they could lengthen and draw in) the sun would not need to be made to do anything different in either case. Thus the most likely explanation is that the verse represents a geocentric worldview where the sun moves across the sky, guiding the shadows.

Hast thou not turned thy vision to thy Lord?- How He doth prolong the shadow! If He willed, He could make it stationary! then do We make the sun its guide; Then We draw it in towards Ourselves,- a contraction by easy stages.

Qur'an 25:45-46

Then the next verse, 25:46, says that shadows are drawn towards Allah which has no scientific meaning.

Reply:

'Alam Tará 'Ilá Rabbika Kayfa Madda Až-Žilla Wa Law Shā'a Laja`alahu Sākināan Thumma Ja`alnā Ash-Shamsa `Alayhi Dalīlāan

Sahih International: Have you not considered your Lord - how He extends the shadow, and if He willed, He could have made it stationary? Then We made the sun for it an indication.

" The meaning of the word  Dalīlāan is that the recognition of shadow occurs through sun.If there had been no sun there would have been no shadow.The recognition of things occur through their opposite." Tafseer e Madarik vol 2 page 824

The simple answer to this question is that the Holy Quran says right because the author of wikiislam.net himself does not know why the shadows change their length.The reason is the angle of sunshine.Surely the sun is the pilot/source of the change of length of shadow.Here is a link:

https://www.reference.com/science/shadows-change-length-during-day-e2128b67e50507#

"Shadows change length throughout the day because the angle at which the sun shines on stationary objects changes with the Earth’s rotation. For example, early in the morning, when the sun is near the horizon, it casts long shadows when an object blocks the light. Conversely, when the sun is high overhead during the middle of the day, the shadows become shorter, as the angle of the sun has changed."

So,the sunshine is the real source of shadow.And because of its angle shadows change their length.If there had been no sun there would have been no shadow and no change in length.Holy Quran is not discussing whether shadows change due to the motion of sun or Earth. It says it changes and sun is its guide and its source which is right.The sun,s angle with earth is the source of changing length of shadow.Holy Quran is not discussing whether this angle changes due to the motion of Earth or of sun.It says sun is the source of shadow which is right.

(If anyone has any question,argument or description regarding this or any of the article on this blog then please comment or mail at imtiazbashir7@gmail.com)

Reply To The Article ''The Star Will Fall''

Reply To The Article ''The Star Will Fall'' 

The author of wikiislam.net says:

The Qur'an says that the stars will fall (inkadarat ٱنكَدَرَتْ) along with other dramatic events surrounding the last day. The author clearly had no idea of the size and distance of the stars. The word كدر in the form used in this verse (form VII) meant to dart down as is said of a bird or hawk, or to fall and scatter.

And when the stars fall

Qur'an 81:2

The structure of space-time is such that nothing, not even stars, can move faster than the velocity of light. Even if stars were to somehow move close to light speed across the sky their motion would be imperceivable to the naked eye as many visible stars are hundreds of light years away. Neither would we be able to see anything that the stars are doing recently (when we see a star 100 light years away, we are seeing it as it was 100 years ago).

Reply:

The better translations of the verse are:

Shakir: ''And when the stars darken,''

Muhammad Sarwar: ''The stars are made to fade away,''

Because the Arabic word كدر means dark colored,cease to be clear,black colored,faint,dead-colored,to become dim,scatter, to scatter and become light-less,to become light-less,to fade away,to lose light, etc.

See:

1.   Hans Wehr 4th ed. page no. 957

2.   Lane,s Lexicon page no. 2596

3.   Steingass page no. 877

4.   Hava page no. 639

5.   Brill page no. 800

6.   Dict. of Quran by M.G Farid page no. 716

7.   Mufridat ul Quran (urdu) page no. 343

8.   Mukhtar us Sahih page no. 780

9.   Lughat ul Quran page no. 1431

10. Alfaaz Istilaahat il Quran page no. 372

11. Qamoos Alfaz Al Quran page no. 350

12. Dic. of Holy Quran page no. 480

Thus the above-quoted translation by us is the better one.It is a scientifically correct fact because stars are losing light day by day and thus they would be darkened on the day of judgement. See:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/space/11796031/Universe-is-losing-its-twinkle-as-stars-die-out-say-scientists.html

 Even if we take the translation taken by the author of wikiislam.net then it is right too. Then we should look at its Interpretation done by Holy Prophet SAW. We read in Tafseer Durr e Mansoor vol .6 page no 887:

" Ibn e Abbas said that on the day of Qiyamah sun,moon and stars would be wrapped and fell in the hell of fire."

There can be no better metaphorical explanation to show that the whole universe would be wrapped in the singularity of high power from which they are formed(the big crunch). Because Qiyamah is the metaphor of great energy and  power. So by taking the meaning fall it favors big crunch and by taking the meaning fade away it favors dying out of stars. Both are scientific facts.Thus nothing to put as a scientific error.
(If anyone has any question,argument or description regarding this or any of the article on this blog then please comment or mail at imtiazbashir7@gmail.com)