Creation of Adam and Eve:
The author of wikiislam.net says:
The Qur’an and Hadith contains stories concerning the 'first humans' and how all people are descended from these two earliest ancestors. It states that humans were created in a garden (paradise) and then brought to earth fully formed. This view of the origins of human life is clearly contradicted by the numerous fossils of pre-homosapien species that lived on earth for millions of years before modern humans first evolved.[2]
Some Muslim creationists will claim the view of two ancestral “parents” is consistent with recent scientific findings that show a common female and male ancestor of all modern humans. They often exploit the confusion caused by scientists referring to these genetic ancestors as Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam. These two individuals bear little resemblance to the Quranic account as they are simply the last common male and female ancestors of everyone alive today, not of all humans in history. The Qur'an clearly states Eve was created later than Adam, however Mitochondrial Eve lived some 50,000 to 80,000 years earlier than Y-chromosomal Adam. Genetic evidence overwhelmingly indicates that humans diverged from earlier species as a population, not a single couple.
REPLY:
In our previous article we have described that the Holy Quran also supports evolution and previous Muslim scientists also believed in it.In the above quoted article the author of wikiislam.net has raised following questions;
1.Was Eve created from the ribs of Adam?
2.Was Adam and Eve created in Paradise(Heaven)?
3.What is the meaning of verse 7:189?
4.Had mitochondrial Eve lived before Y mitochondrial Adam?
5. Does the Holy Quran contradicts the idea that Adam and Eve were members of the human population living that time?
Here we answer these questions one by one.
1.Was Eve created from the ribs of Adam?
Eve was not created from the ribs of Adam.She was created along with Adam with the same clay.We read in Man La Yahzuruhu Al Faqih vol 3 page 379:
"Zorara, one of the greatest companions of Imam Al-Sadeq reports that one day Imam Al-Sadeq was asked that many people claim that Eve was created from Adam's rib, so is this true? The Imam replied,
"Glory is to Allah! He is much above than such statements! What, didn't Allah have the power to create a spouse for Adam from anything other than his rib?"
We read in Tafsir e Ayashi vol 1 page 216:
"Amr Bin Abi Al-Mighdam narrates that his father said: "I asked Imam Baqir:" How did Allah create Eve?" The Imam responded: "What do people believe in this regard?" I replied: "They say that she was created from a rib of his ribs" He said: "They are lying! Was Allah unable to create her from something other than Adam's rib?" I responded: "May I be sacrificed for you! Than what was she created from?" He said: "My father has narrated from his fathers that they said:" The prophet said: “Allah had held a handful of clay in his hand and mixed it with his right hand, of course both of his hands are right , then He created Adam from that clay and there was some extra clay left, then He created Eve from that extra clay."
We read in Bihar ul Anwar vol 11 page 116:
The great Allamah Majlisi says in regard to resolving the contradiction between the two groups of Ahadith(one saying creation from rib and other from clay):
"The Ahadith that mention Eve being created from Adam's left ribs were either said out of Taqiyyah (dissimulation) and fear of opposing the accepted theory at that time or that (when they say that she was created from his ribs) they mean that she was created from the extra clay he was created from, not that she was really created from Adam."
We conclude from these hadiths and description of Allama Majlisi that Allah created Adam and Eve from the same clay.The meaning of leftover clay is that Allah took the clay which was enough to create both Adam and Eve.From it He created Adam first and then Eve from leftover. Maulana Sadiq Hassan says:
" The correct Shia belief in this regard is that Allah created both Adam and Eve from the clay, only that it was done in that particular order."
All above descriptions describe the creation of Adam and Eve from the same clay.And Holy Quran says:Chapter 71 verse 17;
"And Allah has caused you to grow from the earth a[progressive] growth."
Thus all above quotes mean that Eve and Adam has same specie (both are created from the same clay, dust of Earth,a progressive growth).And this idea is not contradictory with evolution as well as creation of man.
Regarding the hadith of Sahih Bukhari,it is narrated from Abu Huraira and reports from him are not reliable according to shias. For details of this see:
http://truthaboutshias.blogspot.com/2011/01/who-is-abu-hurairah.html
2.Was Adam and Eve created in Paradise(Heaven)?
Hazrat Adam AS and Eve used to live in paradise.It is described in Holy Quran. The question arises that was it the same paradise to which righteous people will go in the life of the world after or rather it is a garden in the world.According to shia that was the garden in the Eath. Holy Quran says:
Chapter 71 verse 17;
"And Allah has caused you to grow from the earth a[progressive] growth."
It is quoted in Tafseer Nur us Saqalain vol 1 page 62,from Al Kafi:
The narrator asked from As Sadeq AS regarding the garden of Adam(in which he was created).He AS replied:
"It was one of the gardens of the earth where reached the light of sun and the moon.If it had been on of the paradises of the Earth, then they(ADAM and EVE) had never been taken away from there."
Moreover, Satan can not enter the paradise of the world after.But it entered so that was the garden of this world.
3.What is the meaning of verse 7:189?
The right translation of the verse of Holy Quran Chapter 7 verse 189 is:
Yusuf Ali: "It is He Who created you from a single person, and made his mate of like nature."
OR:
Shakir: "He it is Who created you from a single being, and of the same (kind) did He make his mate."
Similar is the meaning of the verse ,Chapter no. #30 verse 21,Chapter # 4 verse 1, Chapter # 16 verse 72.
4.Had mitochondrial Eve lived before Y mitochondrial Adam?
We read at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve:
"Possible time of origin of mitochondrial eve is 100,000 to 230,000 years, and Y-MRCA has been estimated to have lived during a wide range of times from 180,000 to 581,000 years ago"
Moreover,The fact that we may have descended from a singular being is not at all far fetched in evolutionary science. Genetic study has been able to trace our ancestry back to ONE singular individual. They call it the Mitochondrial eve and the Y-Chromosome Adam. These are NOT the Adam and Eve. This is just an example of how we can trace our ancestry back to singular people. If the mitochondrial eve and the Y-Chromosome Adam had a singular common ancestor (which they must logically have), THEN the parents of that ancestor would be THE Quranic Adam and Eve. The pair in which we have ALL descended from. Adam is not the first human as there is no indication of that in the Quran, secondly, Adam is not more than a singular person in which we all descended from. That doesn't mean that our whole genome came from him. It just means that we descended from him. Even if we have some neanderthal ancestry put in our genome after Adam ,for example, we still have descended from this singular person (in other words, it doesn't matter if there were additions to our genome, we still descended from that one singular person).
5. Does the Holy Quran contradicts the idea that Adam and Eve were members of the human population living that time?
We read in Holy Quran Chapter 3 verse verse 33 and 34:
"Indeed, Allah chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of 'Imran over the worlds -Descendants, some of them from others. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing."
This verse calls Adam too as descendant of some other people thus it means that some human like people had lived before Adam among whom Hazrat Adam AS was chosen.We read in Tafsir e Namoona Vol 3 page 183:
" We should accept that other humans lived on the earth before Hazrat Adam AS."
Thus the Holy Quran does not contradict the idea that Adam and Eve were members of the human population living that time.
(if anyone has any question,argument or description regarding this or any of the article on this blog then please comment or mail at imtiazbashir7@gmail.com)
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